The causes of chronic cough are very varied and are related to different systems.

In this article, we explain what vocal cord dysfunction is.

Why the dysfunction of the vocal cords triggers cough?

In a person without disease, the larynx It participates in phonation, protection, and respiration, all of which are controlled by the central nervous system (CNS). Regarding protection, the larynx has two main reflexes that allow it to perform its functions: glottis closure and the cough reflex. In addition, some receptors that trigger the reflex response are responsible for detecting temperature changes, irritants in the air, and changes in proximal pressure. Together, these reflexes are responsible for coordinating the movement of the vocal cords.

When we breathe in, the vocal cords open, while when we breathe out, they slightly move closer together. If the vocal cords "move backward," that is, they come together when we inhale and move apart when we exhale, the airflow is obstructed.

The vocal cords also close when we swallow liquids and food, preventing them from entering the trachea. If this closure fails, food can pass into the airway, triggering the cough reflex to expel it.

Sometimes, the body may interpret this incorrect movement as endangering the airway, generating a chronic reflex cough, even if there is no actual aspiration.

In addition, this dysfunction can lead to hypersensitivity of the larynx, in which mild stimuli trigger coughing episodes.

Vocal cord dysfunction is one of the possible causes of cough. If it persists for more than 8 weeks, we are dealing with a case of chronic cough.

Author: Eva Maroto

References:

1. Ariza de la Ossa B, Uribe Giraldo N, Ibarra Jiménez GM. Vocal cord dysfunction as a differential diagnosis in patients with cough and respiratory wheezing. Rev Asma. 2019;4(3):92-96
2. Vocal Cord Paralysis. NIH Publication No. 11-4306 S, October 2011. https://www.nidcd.nih.gov/es/espanol/paralisis-de-las-cuerdas-vocales
3. Vocal cord paralysis. https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/vocal-cord-paralysis/symptoms-causes/syc-20378873